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The Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 ((S.744 )) is an immigration reform bill introduced by Sen. Charles Schumer (D-NY) in the United States Senate 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Schumer introduces comprehensive immigration reform )〕 and co-sponsored by the other seven members of the "Gang of Eight" a bipartisan group of U.S. Senators who wrote and negotiated the bill. It was introduced into the United States Senate of the 113th United States Congress on April 16, 2013. The Senate Judiciary Committee held hearings on the bill in April 2013. The bill was voted out of Committee on May 21, 2013 and was introduced in Senate. On June 27, 2013, the Senate passed this bill 68-32. Whether the United States House of Representatives will even consider it is uncertain. The bill would make it possible for many undocumented immigrants to gain legal status and eventually citizenship. It would also make the border more secure by adding up to 40,000 border patrol agents. It also advances talent-based immigration through a points-based immigration system. New visas have been proposed in this legislation, including a visa for entrepreneurs and a W visa for lower skilled workers.〔http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/04/proposed-w-visa-program-would-enable-lower-skilled-foreign-born-workes-to-come-to-us-legally.html〕 It also proposes new restrictions on H1B visa program to prevent its abuse and additional visas/green-cards for students with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees from U.S. institutions. The bill also includes a $1.5 billion youth jobs program and repeals the Diversity Visa Lottery in favor of prospective legal immigrants who are already in the United States. Some politicians have commented that if this immigration reform does not pass the Congress, and the Senate and the House try to pass their own separate versions with no compromise, it could result in a stalemate with the problem of a broken legal immigration system remaining. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office estimates this reform bill would reduce the US fiscal deficit by US$197 billion over the next ten years and by $700 billion by 2033.〔http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/ad-lib/2013/jun/27/senate-passes-immigration-reform-whats-next/〕 Its report also states that, if this bill becomes law, US wages would be 0.1 percent lower in 2023 and 0.5 percent higher in 2033 than under current law. The Social Security Administration says that this bill, if it becomes law, would help add $276 billion in revenue over the next 10 years while costing only $33 billion. ==Introduction== The legislation would make serious and broad changes to existing U.S. immigration law. S.744 would create a program to help the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States gain legal status in conjunction with efforts to secure the border. It would also make changes to the existing system of legal immigration, attempting to make the system more responsive to economic needs. Other provisions would include the more extensive use of E-Verify by businesses in order to ensure that their workers have the legal right to work in the United States. This system has been criticized by some privacy advocates and groups concerned about the false positives generated by the system that prevent U.S. citizens from working. Additionally, on June 24, 2013, the Senate passed an amendment by 68-32 to this bill which would enhance border security by adding high-tech surveillance equipment and doubling the number of border agents to about 40,000〔http://news.yahoo.com/senate-immigration-deal-double-number-u-border-agents-030840734.html〕 The bill has also passed the Senate by 68-32. Conservative Republicans in the US House of Representatives are opposed to this bill. House Republicans and Speaker Boehner have said that this bill will not be introduced on the House floor, a tactic which has been called anti-democratic by some as it prohibits US House members from conducting a debate and a poll on this bill due to a so-called Hastert Rule. If US House Speaker does not allow the bill to be introduced in the House, it still has a chance to be introduced on the House floor through a discharge petition. A discharge petition signed by 218 members (or more) from any party is the only way to force consideration of a bill that does not have the support of the Speaker. However, discharge petitions are rarely successful. Some have commented that this bill may be considered amnesty. This bill proposes earned legalization for undocumented immigrants (they have to wait for 13 years, pay all back taxes, learn English, no legalization for people with criminal records, and citizenship or permanent residence only after the border becomes fully secure). House Speaker Boehner has said that the House Republicans favor a piece-meal approach, i.e., several different bills instead of one comprehensive reform bill. Instead of putting the existing Senate bill up for vote and making necessary modifications, he says that the House plans to draft another bill of its own without any path to citizenship and without some other changes (such as introducing a visa for entrepreneurs and delimiting the use of H1B visas to prevent their abuse) that the Senate bill offers.〔http://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/nancy-pelosi-piecemeal-immigration-approach-possible-93515.html〕 Senator Chuck Schumer has commented that the strategy of passing smaller-scale bills would not work and that Democrats would not support an enforcement bill without the promise of a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants. Former Florida governor Jeb Bush called on the GOP-led House to pass a comprehensive immigration bill and asked his party to quit being "the obstacle" on the divisive issue. Current situation is that of a deadlock between House and Senate. If no compromise is reached between the House and the Senate, this immigration reform effort could potentially fail once again like the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, with the problem of a broken and antiquated US immigration system remaining. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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